Mono Framework For Mac Os

Mono is a free and open-source project to create an Ecma standard-compliant.NET Framework-compatible software framework, including a C# compiler and a Common Language Runtime.Originally by Ximian, it was later acquired by Novell, and is now being led by Xamarin, a subsidiary of Microsoft and the.NET Foundation.The stated purpose of Mono is not only to be able to run Microsoft.NET. Mono runs on Mac, this page describes the various features available for users who want to use Mono or Mono-based technologies on macOS. Installing Mono on macOS is very simple: Download the latest Mono release for Mac; Run the.pkg file and accept the terms of the license. Mono is now installing.

1. Mono On Mac
2. Install Mono Framework Mac Os X
3. Mono Framework For Mac Os High Sierra
4. Mono For Mac
5. Mono Framework Mac Os Catalina
6. Mono Framework Mac
7. Mono For Mac Os

Malware

We found an EXE application that specifically runs on Mac to download an adware and info stealer, sidestepping built-in protection systems on the platform such as Gatekeeper.

Update as of 6:00 P.M. PST, May 3, 2019: Our continued observation of the malware sample showed that it spoofs popular Mac apps, instead of being included in the app installers themselves as previously reported. We made the corrections in the technical analysis in this post. We would also like to thank Objective Development for clarifying this issue.

Update as of 5:00 P.M. PST, February 18, 2019: Further analysis on the sample indicated that it does not bypass the Gatekeeper mechanism as previously reported. We made the necessary changes in the technical analysis in this post. We would also like to thank Apple Product Security team for reaching out to us to clarify this issue.

EXE is the official executable file format used for Windows to signify that they only run on Windows platforms, and to serve as a security feature. By default, attempting to run an EXE file on a Mac or Linux OS will only show an error notification.

However, we found EXE files in the wild delivering malicious payload on macOS recently. While no specific attack pattern is seen, our telemetry showed the highest numbers for infections to be in the United Kingdom, Australia, Armenia, Luxembourg, South Africa, and the United States.

Behavior

The samples pose as installers of popular apps and are often available for download from various torrent websites. Examples of the applications they pose as are as follows:

• Paragon_NTFS_for_Mac_OS_Sierra_Fully_Activated.zip
• Wondershare_Filmora_924_Patched_Mac_OSX_X.zip
• LennarDigital_Sylenth1_VSTi_AU_v3_203_MAC_OSX.zip
• Sylenth1_v331_Purple_Skin__Sound_Radix_32Lives_v109.zip
• TORRENTINSTANT.COM+-+Traktor_Pro_2_for_MAC_v321.zip
• Little_Snitch_583_MAC_OS_X.zip

When the downloaded .ZIP file is extracted, it contains a .DMG file hosting the supposed installer of the spoofed app.

Figure 1. Sample of the malicious file

Figure 2. Installer contained in the .DMG sample we analyzed posing as a legitimate application

Inspecting the installer contents, we found the unusual presence of the .EXE file bundled inside the app, verified to be a Windows executable responsible for the malicious payload.

Figure 3. Suspicious .EXE bundled for Mac app installer

When the installer is executed, the main file also launched the executable as it is enabled by the mono framework included in the bundle. This framework allows the execution of Microsoft .NET applications across platforms such as OSX.

Once run, the malware collects the following system information:

• ModelName
• ModelIdentifier
• ProcessorSpeed
• ProcessorDetails
• NumberofProcessors
• NumberofCores
• Memory
• BootROMVersion
• SMCVersion
• SerialNumber
• UUID

Under the /Application directory, the malware also scans for all the basic and installed apps and sends all the information to the C&C server:

• App Store.app
• Automator.app
• Calculator.app
• Calendar.app
• Chess.app
• Contacts.app
• DVD Player.app
• Dashboard.app
• FaceTime.app
• Font Book.app
• Image Capture.app
• iTunes.app
• Launchpad.app
• Mail.app
• Maps.app
• Messages.app
• Mission Control.app
• Notes.app
• Photo Booth.app
• Photos.app
• Preview.app
• QuickTime Player.app
• Reminders.app
• Safari.app
• Siri.app
• Stickies.app
• System Preferences.app
• TextEdit.app
• Time Machine.app
• UtilitiesiBooks.app

It downloads the following files from the Internet and saves it to the directory ~/Library/X2441139MAC/Temp/:

• hxxp://install.osxappdownload.com/download/mcwnet
• hxxp://reiteration-a.akamaihd.net/INSREZBHAZUIKGLAASDZFAHUYDWNBYTRWMFSOGZQNJYCAP/FlashPlayer.dmg
• hxxp://cdn.macapproduct.com/installer/macsearch.dmg

Figure 4. Downloaded files saved in the directory

These .DMG files are mounted and executed as soon as they are ready, as well as displaying a PUA during execution.

Figure 5. One of the adwares downloaded posing as a popular app

This malware runs specifically to target Mac users. Attempting to run the sample in Windows displays an error notification.

Inspecting the installer contents, we found the unusual presence of the .EXE file bundled inside the app, verified to be a Windows executable responsible for the malicious payload.

Figure 3. Suspicious .EXE bundled for Mac app installer

When the installer is executed, the main file also launched the executable as it is enabled by the mono framework included in the bundle. This framework allows the execution of Microsoft .NET applications across platforms such as OSX.

Once run, the malware collects the following system information:

• ModelName
• ModelIdentifier
• ProcessorSpeed
• ProcessorDetails
• NumberofProcessors
• NumberofCores
• Memory
• BootROMVersion
• SMCVersion
• SerialNumber
• UUID

Under the /Application directory, the malware also scans for all the basic and installed apps and sends all the information to the C&C server:

• App Store.app
• Automator.app
• Calculator.app
• Calendar.app
• Chess.app
• Contacts.app
• DVD Player.app
• Dashboard.app
• FaceTime.app
• Font Book.app
• Image Capture.app
• iTunes.app
• Launchpad.app
• Mail.app
• Maps.app
• Messages.app
• Mission Control.app
• Notes.app
• Photo Booth.app
• Photos.app
• Preview.app
• QuickTime Player.app
• Reminders.app
• Safari.app
• Siri.app
• Stickies.app
• System Preferences.app
• TextEdit.app
• Time Machine.app
• UtilitiesiBooks.app

It downloads the following files from the Internet and saves it to the directory ~/Library/X2441139MAC/Temp/:

• hxxp://install.osxappdownload.com/download/mcwnet
• hxxp://reiteration-a.akamaihd.net/INSREZBHAZUIKGLAASDZFAHUYDWNBYTRWMFSOGZQNJYCAP/FlashPlayer.dmg
• hxxp://cdn.macapproduct.com/installer/macsearch.dmg

Figure 4. Downloaded files saved in the directory

These .DMG files are mounted and executed as soon as they are ready, as well as displaying a PUA during execution.

Figure 5. One of the adwares downloaded posing as a popular app

This malware runs specifically to target Mac users. Attempting to run the sample in Windows displays an error notification.

Figure 6. Error notification when installer is executed in Windows

Currently, running EXE on other platforms would have no impact on non-Windows systems such as MacOS. A mono framework installed in the system is required to compile or load these executables and libraries. In this case, however, the bundling of the said framework with the malicious files becomes a workaround to enable EXE files to run on Mac systems. As for the native library differences between Windows and MacOS, the mono framework supports DLL mapping to support Windows-only dependencies to their MacOS counterparts. Overall, this technique may be done to overcome a malicious user's Objective-c coding limitations.

Conclusion

We suspect that this specific malware can be used for future inter-platform attacks, where a single executable can perform its payload on different operating systems. We believe that the cybercriminals are still studying the development and opportunities from this malware bundled in apps and available in torrent sites. We will continue investigating how cybercriminals can use this information and routine. Users should avoid or refrain from downloading files, programs, and software from unverified sources and websites, and install a multi-layered protection for their individual and enterprise systems.

Trend Micro Solutions

The following Trend Micro products detect and block this threat:

Trend Micro Antivirus for Mac
Trend Micro Smart Protection Suites

Indicators of Compromise

This guide describes how to use Pair to Mac to connect Visual Studio 2019to a Mac build host. The same instructions apply to Visual Studio 2017.

Overview

Building native iOS applications requires access to Apple's build tools,which only run on a Mac. Because of this, Visual Studio 2019 must connect toa network-accessible Mac to build Xamarin.iOS applications.

Mono On Mac

Visual Studio 2019's Pair to Mac feature discovers, connects to,authenticates with, and remembers Mac build hosts so that Windows-basediOS developers can work productively.

Install Mono Framework Mac Os X

Pair to Mac enables the following development workflow:

• Developers can write Xamarin.iOS code in Visual Studio 2019.

• Visual Studio 2019 opens a network connection to a Mac build host anduses the build tools on that machine to compile and sign the iOS app.

• There is no need to run a separate application on the Mac – VisualStudio 2019 invokes Mac builds securely over SSH.

• Visual Studio 2019 is notified of changes as soon as they happen. Forexample, when an iOS device is plugged in to the Mac or becomes availableon the network, the iOS Toolbar updates instantly.

• Multiple instances of Visual Studio 2019 can connect to the Macsimultaneously.

• It's possible to use the Windows command-line to build iOS applications.

Note

Before following the instructions in this guide, complete the following steps:

• On a Windows machine, install Visual Studio 2019
• On a Mac, install Xcode and Visual Studio for Mac
  • You must manually open Xcode after installing so that it can add any additional components.

If you would prefer not to install Visual Studio for Mac, Visual Studio 2019can automatically configure the Mac build host with Xamarin.iOS and Mono.You must still install and run Xcode.For more information, see Automatic Mac provisioning.

Enable remote login on the Mac

To set up the Mac build host, first enable remote login:

1. On the Mac, open System Preferences and go to the Sharing pane.

2. Check Remote Login in the Service list.

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   Make sure that it is configured to allow access for All users, orthat your Mac username or group is included in the list of allowedusers.

3. If prompted, configure the macOS firewall.

   If you have set the macOS firewall to block incoming connections, youmay need to allow mono-sgen to receive incoming connections. An alertappears to prompt you if this is the case.

4. If it is on the same network as the Windows machine, the Mac shouldnow be discoverable by Visual Studio 2019. If the Mac is still notdiscoverable, try manually adding a Mac or takea look at the troubleshooting guide.

Connect to the Mac from Visual Studio 2019

Now that remote login is enabled, connect Visual Studio 2019 to the Mac.

1. In Visual Studio 2019, open an existing iOS project or create a new oneby choosing File > New > Project and then selecting an iOS projecttemplate.

2. Open the Pair to Mac dialog.

   • Use the Pair to Mac button iOS toolbar:

   • Or, select Tools > iOS > Pair to Mac.

   • The Pair to Mac dialog displays a list of all previously-connectedand currently-available Mac build hosts:

3. Select a Mac in the list. Click Connect.

4. Enter your username and password.

   • The first time you connect to any particular Mac, you areprompted to enter your username and password for that machine:

     Tip

     When logging in, use your system username rather than full name.

   • Pair to Mac uses these credentials to create a new SSH connectionto the Mac. If it succeeds, a key is added to the authorized_keysfile on the Mac. Subsequent connections to the same Mac will loginautomatically.

5. Pair to Mac automatically configures the Mac.

   Starting with Visual Studio 2019 version15.6,Visual Studio 2019 installs or updates Mono and Xamarin.iOS on aconnected Mac build host as needed (note that Xcode must still beinstalled manually). See Automatic Macprovisioning for more details.

6. Look for the connection status icon.

   • When Visual Studio 2019 is connected to a Mac, that Mac's itemin the Pair to Mac dialog displays an icon indicating thatit is currently connected:

     There can be only one connected Mac at a time.

     Tip

     Right-clicking any Mac in the Pair to Mac list brings up a contextmenu that allows you to Connect.., Forget this Mac, orDisconnect:

     If you choose Forget this Mac, your credentials for the selectedMac will be forgotten. To reconnect to that Mac, you will need to re-enteryour username and password.

If you have successfully paired to a Mac build host, you are ready to buildXamarin.iOS apps in Visual Studio 2019. Take a look at theIntroduction to Xamarin.iOS for Visual Studioguide.

If you have not been able to pair a Mac, try manually adding aMac or take a look at the troubleshootingguide.

Manually add a Mac

If you do not see a particular Mac listed in the Pair to Mac dialog,add it manually:

1. Locate your Mac's IP address.

   • Open System Preferences > Sharing > Remote Login on your Mac:

   • Alternatively, use the command line. In Terminal, issue this command:

     Depending on your network configuration, you may need to use aninterface name other than en0. For example: en1, en2, etc.

2. In Visual Studio 2019's Pair to Mac dialog, select Add Mac..:

3. Enter the Mac's IP address and click Add:

4. Enter your username and password for the Mac:

   Tip

   When logging in, use your system username rather than full name.

5. Click Login to connect Visual Studio 2019 to the Mac over SSH and addit to the list of known machines.

Automatic Mac provisioning

Starting with Visual Studio 2019 version 15.6,Pair to Mac automatically provisions a Mac with software necessary forbuilding Xamarin.iOS applications: Mono, Xamarin.iOS (the softwareframework, not the Visual Studio for Mac IDE), and various Xcode-relatedtools (but not Xcode itself).

Important

• Pair to Mac cannot install Xcode; you must manually install it on theMac build host. It is required for Xamarin.iOS development.
• Automatic Mac provisioning requires that remote login isenabled on the Mac, and the Mac must be network-accessible to the Windowsmachine. See Enabling remote login on the Macfor more details.
• Automatic Mac provisioning requires 3GB of free space on the Mac to install Xamarin.iOS.

Pair to Mac performs necessary software installations/updates when VisualStudio 2019 is connecting to theMac.

Mono

Pair to Mac will check to make sure that Mono is installed. If it is notinstalled, Pair to Mac will download and install the latest stable versionof Mono on the Mac.

Progress is indicated by various prompts, as shown by the followingscreenshots (click to zoom):

Xamarin.iOS

Pair to Mac upgrades Xamarin.iOS on the Mac to match the versioninstalled on the Windows machine.

Important

Pair to Mac will not downgrade Xamarin.iOS on the Mac from alpha/betato stable. If you have Visual Studio for Mac installed, set yourrelease channel asfollows:

• If you use Visual Studio 2019, select the Stable updates channel inVisual Studio for Mac.
• If you use Visual Studio 2019 Preview, select the Alpha updateschannel in Visual Studio for Mac.

Progress is indicated by various prompts, as shown by the followingscreenshots (click to zoom):

Xcode tools and license

Pair to Mac will also check to determine whether Xcode has been installedand its license accepted. While Pair to Mac does not install Xcode, itdoes prompt for license acceptance, as shown in the following screenshots(click to zoom):

Additionally, Pair to Mac will install or update various packagesdistributed with Xcode. For example:

• MobileDeviceDevelopment.pkg
• XcodeExtensionSupport.pkg
• MobileDevice.pkg
• XcodeSystemResources.pkg

Mono Framework For Mac Os High Sierra

The installation of these packages happens quickly and without a prompt.

Note

These tools are distinct from the Xcode Command Line Tools, whichas of macOS 10.9 areinstalled with Xcode.

Mono For Mac

Troubleshooting automatic Mac provisioning

If you encounter any trouble using automatic Mac provisioning, take a lookat the Visual Studio 2019 IDE logs, stored in%LOCALAPPDATA%XamarinLogs16.0. These logs may contain error messagesto help you better diagnose the failure or get support.

Build iOS apps from the Windows command-line

Pair to Mac supports building Xamarin.iOS applications from the commandline. For example:

Mono Framework Mac Os Catalina

The parameters passed to msbuild in the above example are:

Mono Framework Mac

• ServerAddress – The IP address of the Mac build host.
• ServerUser – The username to use when logging in to the Mac build host.Use your system username rather than your full name.
• ServerPassword – The password to use when logging in to the Mac build host.

Note

Visual Studio 2019 stores msbuild in the following directory:C:Program Files (x86)Microsoft Visual Studio2019MSBuildCurrentBin

The first time Pair to Mac logs in to a particular Mac build host fromeither Visual Studio 2019 or the command-line, it sets up SSH keys. With thesekeys, future logins will not require a username or password. Newlycreated keys are stored in %LOCALAPPDATA%XamarinMonoTouch.

If the ServerPassword parameter is omitted from a command-line buildinvocation, Pair to Mac attempts to log in to the Mac build hostusing the saved SSH keys.

Summary

This article described how to use Pair to Mac to connect Visual Studio 2019 to aMac build host, enabling Visual Studio 2019 developers to build native iOSapplications with Xamarin.iOS.

Mono For Mac Os

Next steps